Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Cohort Profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study was established to assess the prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction, a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its risk factors in adults (≥40 years) from general populations across the world. The baseline study was conducted between 2003 and 2016, in 41 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and collected high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry from 28 828 participants. The follow-up study was conducted between 2019 and 2021, in 18 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Caribbean. At baseline, there were in these sites 12 502 participants with high-quality spirometry. A total of 6452 were followed up, with 5936 completing the study core questionnaire. Of these, 4044 also provided high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. On both occasions, the core questionnaire covered information on respiratory symptoms, doctor diagnoses, health care use, medication use and ealth status, as well as potential risk factors. Information on occupation, environmental exposures and diet was also collected

Etude de l'expression des gènes de blé (triticum durum et triticum aestivum) au cours du développement du grain et en conditions de stress abiotiques (approche par RT-PCR quantitative en temps réel)

Les stress abiotiques posent de réels problèmes pour la culture du blé et menacent de ce fait l'approvisionnement en denrées alimentaires de base dans de nombreuses régions du globe. Nous avons porté notre intérêt sur des gènes codant pour des protéines LEA des groupes 2 et 4, des protéines LEA-cognate, des métallothionéines, des protéines à doigt de zinc et des peroxyrédoxines. Nous avons employé la RT-PCR quantitative en temps réel pour établir les profils d'accumulation des transcrits de ces gènes dans le grain de blé en cours de développement ainsi que dans des plantules de blés soumises à divers stress abiotiques et à l'application d'acide abscissique. Les résultats obtenus, nous ont permis de mettre en évidence l'implication de ces gènes dans la réponse du blé aux stress abiotiques et de formuler des hypothèses quant aux fonctions des protéines qu'ils codent ainsi que des perspectives que nous pouvons en attendre pour l'amélioration de la tolérance des blés à ces stress.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

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Ecobiological study of Artemia salina L. and first determination of the toxicity of ammonium sulphate

The objective of this work is firstly an ecobiological study, which aims to determine whether salinity is favorable for a good reproduction rate of cysts in the Artemia salina L., a species known for its use in aquaculture. Secondly, a short-term test of ammonium sulfate toxicity on its vitality is carried out as its environment is permanently subjected to sulphate-laden waste. The work consists of subjecting the species to different salinities in order to produce a good yield in cysts, which once recovered, hatching and breeding is maintained until individuals reach the adult stage. A toxicological study using toxicity test (CL50) is then conducted to study the resistance of these adults with various concentrations of ammonium sulphate. The results obtained from the ecobiological study show a mean similar to the natural environment (p > 0.05) with a favorable concentration for the reproduction of the species at a salinity of about 75 g dm−3. The toxicity test indicates a CL50 equal to 75 mg dm−3 after 24 hours. It is obvious that Artemia salina L. can be cultivated by controlling its reproduction by varying the salinity rate for its use during different seasons of the year, thus ammonium sulphate from waste is considered as a limiting factor